MELASMA

Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by dark discolorations on sun-exposed areas of the face.

WHO DEVELOPS MELASMA?

Melasma can affect anyone but is more common in young women, particularly those with darker or olive skin tones. It is linked to female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, making it prevalent among pregnant women, those on hormone-based birth control, especially oral contraceptives, or those undergoing hormone replacement therapy. Due to its association with pregnancy, it is often referred to as the “pregnancy mask.”

Sun exposure is a significant risk factor for developing melasma, particularly in tropical climates. Certain skin care products may also exacerbate the condition.

WHAT ARE THE ATTRIBUTES OF MELASMA?

Melasma typically presents as brown or gray patches across the cheeks, forehead, nose, chin, or upper lip and is usually symmetrical on both sides of the face. Although it primarily affects the face, it can also occur on other parts of the body that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the neck and forearms. Diagnosis is often based on the appearance of the skin, but a Wood’s lamp examination or a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

While melasma does not cause physical discomfort, it can be a significant cosmetic concern. There is also a hereditary component to melasma, with individuals more likely to develop it if they have a family history of the condition.

HOW CAN MELASMA BE TREATED?

Treatment for melasma includes topical creams with ingredients like hydroquinone, tretinoin, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, which can help lighten the dark patches. While not typically covered by insurance, treatments such as microdermabrasion, chemical peels, or the Cosmelan Mask might be recommended. For severe cases, laser treatments may be employed to target very dark discolorations.

Prevention is crucial, particularly for those at high risk, such as pregnant women or those on hormone therapies. Avoiding sun exposure and consistently using sunscreen are essential preventive measures. Melasma often diminishes several months after childbirth or stopping hormone treatments or birth control.